AIOU B.ED First Assignment Course Code 8601 Semester Spring 2025 Free Download
Q.1 Reflect some
common qualities of primary teachers. Why are these qualities requirred for
efective classroom learning?
Ans:
Primary School Teaching can be incredibly worthwhile and raises its
personal precise challenges in comparison with teaching in a secondary
surroundings. Whether you're seeking to come to be a Primary School teacher or
are simply seeking out a few hints on how to be even higher, we’re here to
assist! We’ve put together a listing of some of the qualities that make a
first-rate number one trainer:
Fairness
Fairness is one of the traits of the students’ preferred
teachers. All human beings possess an in-built sense of truthful play. Whenever
someone violates, the other character in this example is vulnerable to react
negatively.
Any influence of favoritism, or lack of fairness, leaves
scars at the life of persons that lasts for all time. The college students
document in awesome element, the unfair actions of their teachers after they
had bad enjoy of opposition among classmates, even after a few years have
handed.
Positive Attitude
Another feature that scholars’ like maximum is the
advantageous mind-set and approach of their trainer they use into the
classroom. Scholars endorse that effective teachers are individuals who use
meaningful verbal praise to get and maintain scholar actively participating
within the getting to know manner. The effective instructors are typically
fantastic minded person who consider inside the achievement of their students
as nicely at their very own capability to assist college students achievements.
If the academics have nice mind-set they “trap students doing
things proper" in preference to “catching them doing something incorrect.”
The students regularly do not forget reward and recognition that become given
by using their teachers at colleges, and that they factor to the self belief
and course that often resulted in their lives.
Preparedness
Competence and information of the content location being
taught is some thing that our university college students have constantly
mentioned about their favourite instructors. In a retard: the scholars
mentioned that during classrooms where teachers were well prepared, behavior
troubles had been less ordinary. The nicely-prepared instructor is more likely
in order to take time during training to word and attend to behavioral topics,
and is less possibly to miss the beginnings of doubtlessly disruptive activity.
If, then again, teachers have not spent enough time in planning and
preparation, they tend to be so centered on what they may be doing that they
pass over the early signs and symptoms of misbehavior. This ultimately results
in frequent disruption, waste of valuable instructional time, and scholar’s
frustration.
Personal Touch
Teachers who are related individually with their students;
call them via call, smile frequently, ask approximately college students’
feelings and Opinions, and take delivery of students for who they may be. As
properly as the teachers who inform memories of their personal lives activities
which relate to concern depend currently being taught, motivate student’ s
hobby and suggest bonding with the scholars. Teachers who show hobby of their
college students have involved college students.
Sense of Humor
If a trainer has the potential to break the ice in difficult
conditions with the use of humor, this is an exceptionally treasured asset for
teaching. According to McDermott 49. Rothenberg (2000) college students enjoy
teachers with a feel 'of humor and don't forget the ones instructors who made
getting to know a a laugh. Good teachers enjoy a laugh with the magnificence
occasionally.
Creativity
Creativity students usually like the unusual matters that
their teachers do in creative methods. Construction of fashions or matters from
wastage like plastic bottles presents a discipline into which children may want
to cross and work by using themselves quietly on teachers activities like
puzzles and phrase-reveals.
Fun activities organized by instructors into the study room
encourage the scholars toward mastering. Teachers can use unique ways of
motivating their elegance. Teacher on set a praise for the class on
accomplishing a specific instructional aim. For instance a instructor can
provide greater marks of work achieved by the scholars in a innovative manner.
Willingness to Admit
Mistakes :
Like each person, instructors may make errors. Sometimes
college students may know while their teachers make mistakes. Unfortunately,
some instructors try and permit the errors move omitted or cover over them
speedy. Teachers who apprehend their mistakes in a completely humble and
first-class manner and apologize them. This act of instructor presents an
outstanding model for the scholars, and they will be remembered as an excellent
teacher.
Forgiving :
The powerful teachers reflect a willingness to forgive
students for misbehavior. For instance if a pupil repeatedly asks inappropriate
questions and detracts others from the lesson. The trainer can truly say the
query is relevant and direct the student for similarly study.
Respect :
The instructors desire be respected via their college
students. The instructors who provide respect to their students are always
respected by them. Effective instructors can educate their students be
respectful by using many methods including, he can preserve character grades on
papers confidentially, or can talk to college students privately after
misbehavior no longer in front of others. Good teachers display sensitivity for
emotions and continuously keep away from conditions that unnecessarily make
college students uncomfortable.
High expectancies :
Teachers with positive attitudes additionally own excessive
expectations for success. Teachers‘ expectation ranges affect the methods
wherein teachers train and have interaction with college students. Generally,
college students either upward thrust to their instructors’ expectations or do
now not carry out properly when expectations are low or non-existent. The
quality teachers have the very best standards. They consistently assignment their
college students to do their great.
Compassion
Hopefully, faculty is an area wherein youngsters can examine
and be nurtured in an emotionally secure surroundings. Sometimes in youngsters
school rooms there may also manifest: a good sized amount of cruelty and butt
feelings. In those conditions a caring teacher attempts to reduce the effect of
hurt feelings on studying.
Sense of Belonging:
Teachers evolved a experience of family in their classrooms.
A kind of strategies which includes random act of kindness awards, class
photograph albums, and cooperative cl goals construct a feel of cohesion and
assets and hold an emotionally secure lecture room. Good instructors
additionally took sturdy measures to prevent mean and hurtful conduct like
teasing and bullying. Effective instructors recognize Well that once kids
experience emotionally and bodily secure, they learn some distance higher.
Why these qualities are
required?
Knowledge and abilties are taught and discovered at college.
School is a bit network itself in which instructors and students have
interaction -with each other. During this have interaction instructors have an
impact on their learner’s behavior and learners have an impact on their
trainer’s behavior The nature of this interaction is an important thing in
determining the learner perceptions of school and his/her attitudes toward
college-related men and women and sports This thing includes the connection
among the persona of the teacher and that of the learner.
A trainer’s personality trends are essential as Callahan,
(1966) says that the instructor whose persona helps create and hold a classroom
or getting to know surroundings which students feel relaxed and wherein they
are inspired to learn 18 said to have suited coaching character.
Research says that teachers are cognitively orientated
toward, pupils while scholars an correctly oriented toward teachers. Teacher's
persona is, therefore, without delay and not directly associated with gaining
knowledge of and coaching inside the effective area in addition to to that
during cognitive and psycho-motor domains, (LEW, 1977)
Teachers have rights and responsibilities to expand a weather
inside the study room which helps powerful gaining knowledge of. Aristotle
quoted in Stephen Covey, "The Seven Habits of Highly Effective
People", says, "we are what we repeatedly do".
Q.2 1. Write down the five merits of lesson
planning for the teachers
2. Highlight the process of lesson planning
Ans: The Importance of Lesson Planning to Effective Curriculum
Delivery
“Curriculum” is a word with many meanings, relying at the
context. At the most summary level, curriculum idea addresses such
one-of-a-kind elements of teaching as what factors are covered inside the
course of look at, at the side of concerns of the way it is taught and
examined. See “What Are the eight Types of Curriculum?” for greater on
curriculum concept.
Some curricula are more distinct and based than others.6
Regardless of the level of detail, the importance of lesson planning is that it
bridges the curriculum’s motive with the each day teaching and gaining
knowledge of in a study room. At a minimal, lesson making plans adds the
element of time, breaking the curriculum into units delivered each session.
Usually, though, instructors contain their training and know-how in their
college students into the venture, translating a formerly evolved curriculum
into an action plan for their lecture room.
The Importance of
Lesson Planning to Student Assessment:
The lesson plan translates the curriculum into clean daily
desires for scholar studying that consist of a description of the goal and a
manner to degree the pupil’s attainment of it.7 A few popular measurement
methods are checks, homework assignments and group paintings. One gain of the
lesson plan is fitting the assessment to the unique intention while accounting
on your precise scenario. Some instructional writers argue that teachers should
design the evaluation earlier than designing the mastering activities.4 Working
outward from the critical concept of the mastering objective permits teachers
flexibility in selecting the kind of evaluation in order to pleasant healthy
their college students and the lecture room surroundings.
Why Lesson Planning
Is Important for Classroom Management
Building the lesson plan outward from your getting to know
dreams additionally offers a lot-needed flexibility in adapting instructional
transport and lecture room control at some stage in uncertain times. Classes
that circulate from onsite to on line or hybrid require distinct shipping
methods, requiring modifications to current plans. Such conditions highlight
the importance of lesson making plans in retaining the magnificence moving
smoothly from mission to venture regardless of the gaining knowledge of
surroundings. Advance lesson planning additionally minimizes the need for area
and allows you to make the maximum of some time with students.
Better Lesson
Planning Creates More Student Success:
Student achievement and top conduct are more likely when your scholars are actively engaged in classwork. A thoroughly deliberate lesson allows that suitable state with the aid of thinking about precise student academic desires. “All a hit teachers want to be student-targeted; in different phrases, you need to consider how the learning interest you've got set up might be skilled by means of each student, and the way this experience will generate your meant studying outcomes.”
Better Lesson Planning
Is Important for Teacher Success:
Teacher fulfillment is predicated on scholar achievement. Beyond that, the files you create as a part of the planning system are commonly a part of your assessment through school directors. Therefore, having properly-prepared and documented plans is an vital part of your fulfillment as a teacher. Your lesson plans additionally end up a repository of your growing understanding as you still teach. The importance of lesson planning in furthering your professional increase is plain. Cultivating excellent habits for preparing and reviewing your lesson plans prepares the floor on your achievement.
Q.3 What is motivation? Write a brief note on the theories of motivation
Ans: Motivation is the purpose for which
humans and other animals provoke, maintain, or terminate a behavior at a given
time. Motivational states are generally understood as forces appearing within
the agent that create a disposition to engage in aim-directed behavior. It is
often held that unique intellectual states compete with every different and
that only the strongest kingdom determines behavior.[1] This means that we may
be inspired to do something without simply doing it. The paradigmatic mental
country supplying motivation is desire. But various different states, inclusive
of beliefs about what one ought to do or intentions, may provide motivation.
Motivation is derived from the phrase 'motive', which denotes someone's
desires, dreams, wishes, or urges. It is the manner of motivating people to do
so to attain a intention. The mental factors fueling humans's behavior inside
the context of task desires may encompass a desire for money.
Various competing theories had been proposed regarding the
content of motivational states. They are referred to as content material
theories and intention to explain what desires generally or usually inspire
human beings. Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of desires and the ERG principle, for
example, posit that human beings have sure needs, which are chargeable for
motivation. Some of these desires, like meals and water, are extra simple than
different needs, consisting of appreciate from others. In this view, the higher
desires can best encourage once the lower wishes have been fulfilled.[2]
Behaviorist theories try and explain behavior completely in terms of the
relation among the state of affairs and outside, observable conduct with out
specific connection with conscious mental states.
Write a brief note
on the theories of motivation
1. Acquired Needs
Theory
According to this concept, people are inspired via the greed
for power, success and affiliation. By imparting empowerment, titles and other
associated tokens, people can be influenced for doing their paintings.
2. Activation Theory
Humans can be aroused easily by using their nature. In this
motivation principle, the arousal is used for maintaining the human beings
prompted. Take an navy as an instance. The arousal for getting rid of the enemy
is a great motivation issue.
Three. Affect
Perseverance
Let's take an instance. An employee is interested in a
organisation because of its popularity. Once the worker starts offevolved
working, he/she develops loyalty closer to the agency. Later, because of a few
trouble, the company loses its recognition, however worker's loyalty stays.
4. Attitude-Behaviour
Consistency
In this motivation theory, the alignment of mind-set and
behaviour is used for motivating human beings.
5. Attribution Theory
The urge humans must characteristic is used as a motivational
issue. Usually, people like to attribute oneself as well as others in
exceptional context. This need is used for motivation on this concept.
As an example, getting one's call posted in a magazine is a
good motivation for the equal person to engage similarly in writing.
6. Cognitive Dissonance
This theory emphasizes the reality that the non-alignment to
something could make people uncomfortable and eventually motivate them to do
the right issue.
7. Cognitive Evolution
Theory
This may be considered as the most extensively used
motivation idea throughout many domain names. When we select responsibilities
to complete, we chew them down to be manageable duties. The person is
influenced to do the obligations as they're actually possible.
8. Consistency Theory
This concept makes use of our internal values for keeping us
prompted. As an example, if we promise to do something, we can experience awful
approximately no longer doing it.
9. Control Theory
Giving the manage to a person is one of the quality ways to
motivate them. People are pleased to have manipulate over things.
10. Disconfirmation
Bias
People can be stimulated by using keeping them in an
surroundings, that is in alignment with what they agree with.
11. Drive Theory
People's need to fulfill their desires is used in this
concept. As an example, believe a case wherein someone is hungry in an unknown
residence and locate some food underneath the staircase. When the equal
individual feels hungry at a few different unknown house, the individual might
also look under the staircase.
12. Endowed Progress
Effect
This motivation theory makes use of the progress as the
motivation component.
13. Escape Theory
Keeping the man or woman in the incorrect area might also
inspire that person to escape from that region. This is every so often used in
corporate environments for employees to find in which they truely belong.
14. Extrinsic
Motivation
This is likewise one of the maximum used theories inside the
corporate global. The employee is prompted thru rewards.
15. Goal-Setting Theory
Desire to acquire desires is the riding force in the back of
this motivation theory.
16. Investment Model
The corporation gets the employees to make investments on
certain things. If you've got invested on something, you'll be inspired to
beautify and enhance it.
17. Positive Psychology
This way, employees are stimulated via making them glad with
regards to surroundings, rewards, non-public space, and many others.
18. Reactance Theory
Reducing the salary of a low performer and later placing
goals to get the earnings again is one of the examples for this sort of
motivation.
Q.4 Discuss mertis and demerits of inquiring approach.
Ans: Merits of
Enquiry Method:
By using this technique, following benefits are received by
way of trainer in addition to students:
a. Teacher can hold a vigil test at the sports of the
students as it's miles the instructor who conjures up the responses inside the
students through the confusing event.
B. Through this method, college students get the opportunity
to learn diverse types of records on their very own. They do no longer depend
on the readymade records supplied by way of the teacher in any way. Thus, this
approach helps in making the students creative of their personal way.
C. As college students do not accept hypothesis designed by
using them on the idea of facts furnished through trainer, therefore they learn
how to verify the hypothesis after reading and experimentation techniques.
Demerits of Enquiry
Method:
This method has some barriers also, mention of that are as
follows:
a. It is not viable to use this approach under the based
college curriculum as it is slow in nature and calls for lots of time.
B. This technique can only be used properly if the trainer
who is using it's far innovative. Not handiest this, if the trainer does no
longer understand a way to set up practical experiments paintings, then
additionally he can't make use of this technique properly.
C. As college students of various mental skills attend the
equal class within the faculty, accordingly it isn't always possible for all of
them to study various records’s through this technique effectively.
D. If all the students do not take participate in query
asking feature, then the magnificence room will become dominated through few
students, due to which other less capable students will sense a experience of
forget about.
When to Use:
This technique should be utilized by the trainer whilst he
intends to expand spirit of enquiry inside the college students, as it will
motivate them to find out for themselves the answers of numerous questions
springing up of their thoughts via making numerous types of enquiries as a
substitute of having or accepting readymade statistics from the trainer.
Q.5 Write notes on
the following:
i. New themes in
teaching
ii. Course and unit planning
Ans: We realize a
few instructors love school room themes and a few are not positive about them.
So we realised we had to solution this question first! Having a study room
topic may be useful in some of approaches.
Choosing a classroom theme permit you to stay organised at
some point of the yr and hold your lecture room muddle to a minimal.
When you’ve chosen a subject, you’ve additionally chosen a
colour palette, and decorations that coordinate — this creates a cohesive, tidy
appearance.
Classroom themes can also be incorporated into any challenge
throughout the 12 months. For example, in case your classroom subject is bees,
consist of them on your science lesson about planting plant life and
pollination. Is it time to learn some new vocabulary for the next spelling
test? Include words consisting of bee, pollinator, honey, insect, lawn,
beekeeper, nectar, and many others.
Classroom topics create a experience of identity for your
classroom and help connect students to their lecture room network.
Something worth remembering: Just due to the fact you’ve
selected a classroom subject matter doesn’t imply you have to fill every corner
and cranny. You can nevertheless have a simplistic, organized, but decorative
environment by cautiously planning your room’s topic for the yr (or for all of
the years you educate)!
How Do I Choose a
Theme For My Classroom?
Start with some apparent questions and possibilities while
brainstorming your school room’s topic:
What is my favored shade?
What am I passionate about?
What is a subject matter I’d want to be known for?
What is some thing you could have a look at every day with
happiness?
What topic is age suitable for my students?
After you’ve requested your self a number of these questions,
slender down your top 3, and ultimately determine your favorite. Remember,
choosing a lecture room subject doesn’t imply it’s permanent! If you get
uninterested in your theme while the 12 months is through, sincerely trade it
for the next yr or maybe whilst you wreck for the term. If you discover you continue
to love your topic, brilliant! No extra paintings could be needed.
Classroom Theme
Ideas
From web page borders to PowerPoint templates, diary covers
to show banners, those classroom theme ideas have the whole lot you need to
style your room in a way that reflects your ‘instructor persona.’
Check out these lecture room subject thoughts based totally
on grade level. Of course, you may get as specific or simplistic as you see
suit. Remember, classroom subject matters can integrate themselves into your
lessons 12 months-round!
ii. Course and unit
planning
Planning a Class
There are three main factors to
consider whilst preparing to deliver a lecture or lead a tutorial:
Goals: What could you like the
students to research?
Learning sports: How will you manual
students thru the getting to know method?
Time control: How will you
structure the elegance time?
This teaching tip discusses
these 3 important factors of sophistication planning and the usage of templates
to assist organize and file your magnificence plans.
Goals
What are your targets for the
class? Perhaps you want to introduce or evaluation precise content material.
One manner to slender your desires is to consciousness on standards which are
mainly critical, complicated, or difficult to apprehend. Alternatively, you
could want the students to collect new abilties, for instance, in solving sure
problems. If you are clear approximately your goals for the consultation, it is
simpler to make planning selections about what teaching and getting to know
activities could be useful and what sort of class time ought to be allocated to
each hobby.
Other questions to don't forget
when making plans a class encompass:
How will I hyperlink the
statistics and gaining knowledge of from one class to the next?
How does this elegance
hyperlink across direction units?
How does it bridge with
different guides?
Teaching and learning sports
Once what you would really like the students to
research, you may select activities as a way to help them collect the favored
know-how and competencies. Activities can include lecturing, discussions,
question and solution classes, brainstorming, quizzes, etc. Activities can take
location face to face or online; preferably on-line activities ought to be
properly included into the face-to-face elements of the direction and
vice-versa.
For more statistics on sports
and techniques for use in the school room, see our associated coaching hints:
Lecturing Effectively inside
the University Classroom
Varying Your Teaching
Activities: Nine Alternatives to Lecturing
Activities for Large Classes
Active Learning Activities
Implementing Group Work within
the Classroom
Question Strategies
Facilitating Effective
Discussions
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